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考研英語長難句【通用】
考研英語長難句1
1、If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
[譯文]如果新聞界真的注意到了問題的關鍵，它就應該進一步開放其多樣化項目， 這個項目現在還只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工，而進一步尋找那些世界觀、價值觀、教育水平和社會階層大相徑庭的各種記者。
[分析]本句是一個虛擬語句。it 代表上文提到的 atroubled business，即“問題重重的新聞界”。主語it 跟了兩個并列的謂語成分：一是 would open up its diversity program，二是(would)look forreporters。reporters后面跟了一個定語從句。now focused narrowly on race and gender 是插入語，作 program的定語。
2、For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “ Succeed at allcosts but avoid appearing ambitious. ”
[譯文]對于這樣的人，以及更多也許不太出色的人而言，恰當的行為準則是： “不惜一切代價獲得成功，但要避免讓人看出雄心勃勃。”
[分析]For suchpeople and many more perhaps not so exceptional 是句子的.狀語，主語是 the properformulation，謂語是系動詞 is，表語是引號里的內容。
3、International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.
[譯文]在那些對外開放并鼓勵外資的國家的經濟中，跨國公司的分支機構已經成為經濟領域中一個快速增長的生產部門。
[分析]本句的主干是International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production ineconomies，后面的 that open up and welcome foreign investment 是 economies 的定語從句。注意一些詞匯的含義：affiliate是名詞，意為 “分支機構” ， 此處是指在世界各地都有分支的多國公司， 并且是全句的主語；account for 是“……的原因” ；economies 在此處指經濟領域的國家概念，因此用復數。
4、I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower tradeand investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operationscapable of meeting customers demands.
[譯文]我認為引起這場合并浪潮的最重要力量與導致全球一體化的力量是相同的： 運輸通信費用下降；貿易與投資障礙減少；市場擴大。這一切都需要擴大業務往來滿足消費者的需求。這對消費者只會有利而不會有害。
[分析]本句是一個嵌套賓語從句， 不過也并不難理解。 主句是 I believe that， that 后面是 I believe的內容。第二個賓語從句修飾的是 same，即 the same that underlie the globalization process。冒號的內容則進一步說明globalization process 的內容。
5、And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the US vs. Microsoft case?
[譯文]在那些將會影響許多其他國家的事情中，如美國政府與微軟公司的訴訟案，一個國家是否應該擔負起“保護競爭”的責任呢？
[分析]此句的主干是should one country take upon itself the role， 而 that affect manyother nations 是 issues的定語從句。as in the US vs. Microsoft case 是 issues 的補語。on issues是 take upon itself the role 的狀語。注意在閱讀本句的時候要抓住它本身是一個文句， 另外，vs.的意思對正確理解也很重要，它是指 “對壘， 對陣” ，在法律的情景中就是“起訴，對簿公堂”的意思。
考研英語長難句2
【提要】考研英語信息 : 20xx考研英語長難句精選
( 1999年真題Section III Reading ComprehensionText5第4段第4句)
It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
譯文：審計人員也完全有理由相信，確切知道自己的目標并知道如何實現這一目標的科學家們根本不需要用一只眼盯著現金計數器，用另一只眼睛盯著顯微鏡，從而被分散了注意力。
分析：這個簡單句的主語用的是形式主語it，真正的主語是for后面的部分。believe后面跟的是一個that引導的賓語從句，主干是scientists... should not be distracted by...，其中的.主語scientists跟了一個who引導的定語從句，這個定語從句的賓語分別是where和how引導的兩個從句。by后面名詞跟了一個of前導的動名詞短語，后面還有一個while引導的伴隨狀語，表示同時發生的動作。注意動詞詞組keep an eye on的用法。
【詞匯指南】
摘自《十天搞定考研詞匯》(王江濤、劉文濤，20xx年8月)
reasonable[riznbl](adj.)合理的; 通情達理的; 公道的; 尚好的(超綱詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀1)(reason-理由,理性，able-形容詞后綴→能夠做到有理有據的——即“合理的; 通情達理的”，引申為“公道的; 尚好的”。)
(3個形近詞)
●reasoned ['ri:znd](adj.)理由充分的;詳盡論述的(20xx年-翻譯)(reason-理由，ed-的 → 理由充分的——引申為“詳盡論述的”。)
●reasonably [’ri:znbli](adj.)有理地;合理地(20xx年-閱讀4)(reasn-理由;理性，ably-復合副詞后綴,由able和ly組合而來 → 有理地;合理地)
●reasoninɡ [’ri:zni](n.)推理(20xx年-閱讀3、20xx年-閱讀3)(inɡ-名詞后綴)
auditor [:dit](n.)審計員，稽核員(20xx年-新題型)
1個派生詞：
●audit [':dit](n./v.)審計,查帳;旁聽(CET-6、考研詞匯)(aud=account-賬目;報賬，it-詞根，走 → 所謂“審計”就是走過來聽別人“報賬”，即“審計,查帳”，引申為“旁聽”。)
exactly [ig'zktli](adv.)確切地,精確地;恰好地,正好地(exact-確切的,精確的，ly-副詞后綴 →“恰好地,正好地”是由“確切地,精確地”之意引申出來的)
1個擴展詞：
●exact [iɡ'zkt](adj.)確切的,精確的(vt.)強要,勒索(CET-4)(ex-外,出去，act-行動,做 → 格“外”認真去“做”的、絲毫不敢馬虎的——即“確切的;精確的”;而“做”的事超“出”了法律，“做出”了違法行為——即“強要;勒索”。)
eye[ai](n.)眼睛;眼光,鑒賞力(中考詞匯)(有學者認為，該詞具有象形色彩。其中左右兩個“e”代表眼睛，中間“y”代表“鼻子”，整個單詞呈現出的正是“眼睛”的形象。)
考點搭配：
keep an eye on sth. 關注…，留意…(20xx年-閱讀4)
rapid eye movement 快速的眼睛運動(20005年-閱讀3)
考研英語長難句3
To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.
譯文：當然，他演繹了多種多樣有趣的作品，但我并沒有必要去艾弗瑞·費舍爾音樂廳或者其他地方聽一場有趣的交響樂演出。
分析：本句由連詞but連接的兩個分句組成。第一個分句中，To be sure為插入語，在句中起強調作用。第二個分句中，it為形式主語，真正的主語是不定式to visit Avery Fisher Hall…，for me是不定式的邏輯主語，即visit這個動作的'發出者，to hear interesting orchestral music則是第二個分句的目的狀語。
【詞匯指南】
impressive [im'presiv](adj.)給人印象深刻的(CET-4)(ive-的)
1個派生詞：
●impress [im'pres](vt.)壓印;給…留下印象,使銘記(高考詞匯)(im=in-向里，press-按,壓 → 向里壓、向里按——即“壓印”，引申為“給…留下印象,使銘記”。)
visit ['vizit](v./n.)參觀,訪問(中考詞匯)(vis-詞根,看，it-詞根,走 → 邊走邊看——即““參觀,訪問””)
1個派生詞：
●visitor [vizit](n.)參觀者,訪問者;來客(中考詞匯）(or-表人)
hall [h:l](n.)門廳;走廊,過道(中考詞匯)(h-無意義，all=cell-單人房間、單人牢房 → 源于“門廳、走廊”就像“單人房間”一樣狹窄。)
1個形近詞：
●hale[heil](vt.)強拉;硬拖(adj.)強壯的,健壯的(CET-6、考研詞匯)(有學者認為，“hale”一詞具有擬聲色彩，其發音似人們在勞動時所發出的“嘿喲、嘿喲”的呼吸聲——即“強拉;硬拖”，引申為“強壯的,健壯的”。)
2個近義詞：
●lobby ['lbi](n.)門廳;(會議)休息室(CET-6、考研詞匯)(有學者認為，lo=lay-放置;躺，bby=body-身體[d-b反向同源] → 放躺身體休息的地方——即“門廳;(會議室的)休息廳”;因為擺放著沙發的“門廳”和“(會議)休息室”都是供客人臨時休息的地方。)
●lounɡe [laund](n.)休息室;躺椅,臥榻(vi.)(懶洋洋地)倚靠,躺(高考詞匯)(lo=lobby-休息室;unɡ=bench-長椅，e-尾綴 → 擺放在休息室里的長椅——即“躺椅,臥榻”，引申為“(懶洋洋地)倚靠,躺”。)
考點搭配：cocktail lounge 雞尾酒會
考研英語長難句4
【必備金句1】The organization of districts that meet the criteria suggested would make it possible to resolve the small-school problem in all except isolated and sparsely populated areas where such schools may have to be continued regardless of higher costs.
【詞匯及詞組】criteria (判斷的) 標準
resolve 解決〔問題、困難〕;下決心(resolve to do sth)
isolated 〔建筑物、村莊等〕孤零零的，偏僻的;〔人〕孤單的，孤獨的
sparsely populated 人口稀少的
regardless of 不管
【結構精析】本句的主干是The organization of districts would make it possible to resolve the small-school problem in all except isolated and sparsely populated areas. 其中that meet the criteria suggested 是The organization of districts的后置定語從句，where such schools may have to be continued regardless of higher costs在句中作isolated and sparsely populated areas的后置定語從句。
【參考翻譯】按照提出的標準進行校區的劃分，這可能會解決地區內學校規模小的問題，但對于偏遠的、人口稀少的地區，盡管花費比較大，規模小的學校可能還得繼續辦下去。
【必備金句2】While warnings are often appropriate and necessary – the dangers of drug interactions, for example – and many are required by state or federal regulations, it is not clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
【詞匯及詞組】appropriate 恰當的.;合適的
regulation 規則;條例;法令
liability 〔尤指法律上對還款、賠償等的〕責任，義務
【結構精析】本句的主干是it is not clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 而While warnings are often appropriate and necessary and many are required by state or federal regulations是本句的讓步狀語從句。(注意：while除了可以引導時間狀語從句，還可引導讓步狀語從句，大家在理解句子時要注意區分該詞的用法)，在讓步狀語從句中，the dangers of drug interactions, for example 為插入語，對第一個讓步小分句進行補充說明。
【參考翻譯】盡管警告常常是適當而且必須的——比如對于藥物相互作用的危險提出警告——許多警告還是按州或聯邦政府規定要求給出的，然而(我們) 并不清楚，如果顧客受到傷害時，這些警告是不是確實可以使得生產者和銷售者豁免責任。
以上兩個句子為大家精析的閱讀經典長難句，其中包括后置定語、定語從句及狀語從句、插入語等語法知識點，希望大家認真分析這兩個句子，進而掌握相關語法知識點，在翻譯時注意使用不同翻譯技巧進行翻譯處理。
考研英語長難句5
The energy used to separate oxygen from air before burning is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards, leading to a similar loss of efficiency.
【核心詞匯】
separate v.使分離，使分開
filter v.過濾，滲透
efficiency n.效率，效能
lead to 導致
【結構分析】
本句是主系表結構，主干是The energy used to separate oxygen from air before burning is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards，使用了as...as...結構，其中被比較的對象that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards中，that指代上文的`energy，過去分詞結構needed to...作后置定語體現被動。其中主語energy由過去分詞結構used to separate oxygen from air before burning作后置定語體現被動;句末的現在分詞結構leading to a similar loss of efficiency做全句的結果狀語。
【參考譯文】
燃燒前將氧氣從空氣中分離所需要的能源幾乎與隨后將氮氣過濾所需的耗費一樣多，這就使得兩者在效率損失上不相上下。
考研英語長難句6
Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
【核心詞匯】
involve v.涉及，卷入
professional n. 專業人員a.專業的，職業的
spread v.伸展，延展
corporation n.企業，社團，公司
【結構分析】
本句主干是 this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional，這里的主語this指的是文章中的professional training，接著的地點狀語in a country，其中country后面帶了兩個定語，前一個是形容詞性的短語as large as ours，后一個是where引導的定語從句where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations，而這個從句的主語the economy有兩個謂語動詞is和involves，后面都用了相似的結構so many，表示強調。
【參考譯文】
此外，在我們這么大的一個國家里，經濟延展到這么多的`州，涉及這么多的國際公司，因而要培養出所需數量的各類專業人員是不太可能的。
考研英語長難句7
The engines would have variable nozzles, which would be fully opened on take-off and landing, so that the exhaust would be slow and relatively quiet, and narrowed when the aircraft was cruising, providing the necessary speed.
【核心詞匯】
variable a.易變的，多變的
exhaust n.排氣，廢氣，排氣管
relatively ad.相當地，相對地 take-off起飛
【結構分析】
本句主句為The engines would have variable nozzles。其后的定語從句比較復雜，以逗號后and為切入點，得到which would be fully opened...and narrowed...，關系代詞which指代先行詞nozzles在從句中作主語。其中so that引導的.結果狀語從句so that the exhaust would be slow and relatively quiet說明(nozzles)would be fully opened on take-off and landing情況發生時所產生的結果，句末的現在分詞結構providing the necessary speed作(nozzles)would be narrowed when the aircraft was cruising情況發生時的伴隨結果，其中when引導的從句作時間狀語。
【參考譯文】
引擎將配有各種各樣的尾噴管，在起飛和降落時這些尾噴管會全部打開，這樣噴氣速度會下降，噪音也會更小;而在飛機巡航過程中，尾噴管將變小以保證必要的飛行速度。
考研英語長難句8
摘要：考研英語考試大綱對翻譯部分的考查要求和考點的表述是：“主要考查考生準確理解概念或結構較復雜的英語文字材料的能力。要求考生閱讀一篇約400詞的文章，并將其中5個劃線部分(約150詞)譯成漢語，要求譯文正確、完整、通順。”這不僅考查考生對英語語法理解與掌握，更重要的是考查考生長難句的分析能力。
考研英語翻譯的特點是長難句比較多，體現在兩方面：一是修飾成分較多，二是句子結構層次較復雜，從句嵌提現象層出不窮。由此可見，長難句的結構分析在考研英語翻譯中就顯得尤為重要。考研英語翻譯的難點之一就是長難句的結構句子。為了攻克長難句，應該注意以下幾點：應熟練掌握英語中的“五種基本句型”。
英語中，常見的五種基本句型：
(1)主語+謂語(謂語為不及物動詞)
(2)主語+謂語(謂語為及物動詞)+賓語
(3)主語+謂語(謂語為及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補足語
(4)主語+謂語(謂語為及物動詞)+直接賓語+間接賓語
(5)主語+系動詞+表語
在考研英語翻譯中，劃線部分的句子大多是長難句，但是不管句子有多長，句子結構有多復雜，這些句子都能夠回歸到英語的“五種基本句型”上，即再復雜的句子，只要提煉出主干或主句，就對句子的基本框架有了一個總體的把握。而這五種基本句型都必然包含一個謂語動詞，所以謂語動詞就是抓主干的突破口。英語句子由短到長，主要借助于連詞、介詞、分詞、非謂語動詞等手段，其中連詞主要是and, but等并列連詞和what, which,who等從屬連詞。換句話說，這些連詞、介詞、分詞、非謂語動詞等把句子分成了一個又一個的小意群，因而成了句子結構劃分的拆分點。特別是連詞在句子由短變長方面的.作用舉足輕重，其中，并列連詞把兩個獨立的分句連在了一起，從屬連詞把一個獨立的分句與一個從句連接在了一起。但是，不管是從句還是分句都有自己的謂語動詞，具體說來，and, but 連接的并列分句中的謂語動詞都是主句謂語動詞，而從屬連詞which, that, where 等所引導的從句中都各配備有一個屬于從句的謂語動詞。所以，在長難句的分析過程中，只要我們找到了這些連詞和主從句的謂語動詞，句子結構就一目了然了。
一、考研英語長難句的拆分點
(1)要明確拆分的目的
把英語長難句拆分的目的是把主句和從句拆分開來，把主干部分和修飾部分拆分開來，理清句子結構。
(2)英語句子的拆分點
a.標點符號
標點符號是英語句子當中最為明顯的切分標志，有幾個典型的標點符號可以幫助我們迅速切分句子的意群。比如說雙逗號、破折號、冒號、分號等。譬如，如果雙逗號之間是介詞短語或者是副詞短語、或者雙逗號前后是被分開的主謂結構，這時雙逗號之間往往是插入語的成分，也就是說，讀句子時為了把握住主干結構，可以先跳過這個成分，從而提高結構拆分的速度。破折號、冒號后面一般都是解釋說明的部分，它們可以成為句子的拆分點。分號相當于and 把句子分成并列的意群，也是很好的拆分點。考生在讀句子時應首先看看有沒有這樣的標點符號，從而更好地斷句。
b.并列連詞
考生一定搞清 and, or, but, yet, for 等都是并列連詞，是并列句的拆分：點，這些并列連詞連接的是并列句。
c.從屬連詞
考生一定要清楚從屬連詞引導從句，是主從復合句的拆分點。狀語從句的連接詞有：when, as, since, until ,before, after, where, because, though, although, so that等;名詞性從句連接詞有：that, whether/if, who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, when, where, how, why等;定語從句的連接詞有：who, which, that, whom, whose, when, why, where等。
d.動詞不定式和分詞
不定式結構(to do)常常構成不定式短語，可以用來做定語或者狀語，可以是拆分點;分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞，常常用來構成分詞短語做定語或者狀語等修飾語，也可以是拆分點。
e.介詞短語
由on, in, with, at, of, to 等介詞構成的介詞短語可以用來做定語或者狀語等修飾語，所以它們也是理解英語句子的拆分點。
以上這些“信號詞”在拆分英語句子時可能斷開的地方，但并不是絕對的。它們有助于我們看清句子結構，進而更好地理解英語原文。但是，在拆分長難句的過程中，最好不要把單獨的一個英語單詞拆分出來，基礎好的同學可以不用過細地拆分。
二、考研英語真題中長難句拆分與表達的示例
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
(1)句子拆分
拆分點：從屬連詞、介詞、標點符號
This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.
(2)句子結構
找謂語動詞(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);→
找連詞(when, that, that) →
前面沒有從屬連詞的動詞即為主句的謂語動詞→
確定主從句。
主句：This trend began during the Second World War ;
從句：定語從句when several governments came to the conclusion修飾the Second World War，本從句嵌套著一個二級從句即同位語從句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修飾conclusion和一個三級從句that引導的定語從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(3)解析
during the Second World War介詞短語做狀語;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定語修飾the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位語從句修飾conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(4)本句的參考譯文
這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰期間，當時一些國家的政府得出結論：政府向科研機構提出的要求通常是無法詳盡預見的。
總之，只要考生對句子結構有個透徹的理解，弄清句子的各個成分，并可以借助連詞、介詞、非謂語動詞等手段把句子由簡單變得復雜，由復雜變得簡單，這樣句子結構分析技能提高了，長難句也就攻克了，考研翻譯也就解決了。
考研英語長難句9
英語句型看似復雜多變，其實源于兩大鉆石句型，即主謂賓（本句型總共有4種形式，分別因謂語動詞的不同特點而決定謂語之后有無賓語或補足語，具體為：主語+謂語、主語+謂語+賓語、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語、主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語，為了簡明扼要的說明問題，本部分將其總結為一種句型“主語+謂語+賓語”）、主系表。每一成分皆可復雜化，由此加大了句子的理解難度。下面就演示一下這兩大基本句型是如何擴展成復雜的長難句的。
鉆石句型：①主語+謂語+賓語（S+V+O）
②主語+系動詞+表語(S+V+P)
一、句子擴展：修飾成分加長
（一）鉆石句型①主謂賓句型
The boy (主語) likes (謂語) English (賓語).
1.主語擴展：
The clever boy likes English.
The boy with a book in his hand likes English.
The boy who is full of imagination likes English.
The clever boy who is full of imagination with a book in his hand likes English.
注：主語中心詞為the boy, 可以通過加形容詞、介詞短語、定語從句及其組合等成分使主語復雜化，從而增加理解難度。考研翻譯中的主語考點多為修飾成分繁多的主語。
2.謂語擴展：
The boy likes English very much.
The boy likes English out of interest.
The boy likes English influenced by his parents.
The boy likes English, hoping that one day he can go abroad.
The boy liked English when he was five years old.
注：謂語動詞like通過添加副詞短語、介詞短語、現在分詞短語、過去分詞短語、狀語從句等進行擴展，從而使句子變得復雜，增加了理解難度。考研翻譯中注意找準動詞及其修飾成分,以弄清邏輯關系。
3.賓語擴展：
The boy likes American English.
The boy likes English, the international language.
The boy likes English which is the most widely spoken language in the world.
The boy likes English spoken by many people nowadays.
The boy likes English, a beautiful language, spoken by many people living in every corner of the world.
注：賓語English通過添加形容詞（短語）、同位語、定語從句、分詞短語及其組合進行擴展，從而使簡單句變得復雜化。考研翻譯中要注意這些修飾成分，如分詞結構要找出邏輯主語等，定語從句要找出先行詞，等等。
（二）鉆石句型②主系表句型
The girl (主語) is (系動詞) Mary (表語).
各部分擴展：
The girl in a pink hat with a book in her hand is probably Mary a kind-hearted girl of inexhaustible energy which often amazes her classmates.
注：此句的擴展同上（也是通過添加修飾成分變復雜），不再贅述。
二、句子擴展：成分替換
句子的復雜不僅體現在修飾成分繁多上，還體現在句子成分本身的復雜化上，下面就通過句子成分由簡單到復雜的替換來演示句子是如何變難的。
（一）鉆石句型①主謂賓句型
主語擴展：
The event amazed the world.
What happened on July 15, 20xx amazed the world.
To hold the 20xx Olympics in China amazes the world.
Holding the 20xx Olympics in China amazed the world.
That China is to hold the 20xx Olympics amazes the world.
注：由此可見，充當主語的除了簡單的名詞(短語)、代詞、數詞，還可以是形式比較復雜的動詞不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、主語從句。考研翻譯中明確這一點，才能打開思路，更好地劃分句子成分，從而做到真正理解句意，進而很好的用漢語表達出來。
賓語擴展：
He can hear me.
He can hear the strange sound.
He can hear anything happening in the building.
He can hear the sound from that building.
He can hear a girl crying in the building.
He can hear whatever happens in the building.
He decided to check what’s going on in the building.
He considered going to the building for a look.
注：由此可見，充當賓語的除了簡單的'名詞(短語)、代詞、數詞，還有形式比較復雜的動詞不定式(短語)，動名詞(短語)，賓語從句。同樣的，考研翻譯中明確這一點也非常重要，有助于打開思路，理清句子成分。
（二）鉆石句型②主系表句型
主語擴展：鉆石句型①中的主語擴展（成分替換）已經很明確了，此處不再重復。
表語擴展：
They are beautiful.
They are in the zoo.
They are beautiful animals in the zoo.
They are interested in the new invention.
To see is to believe.
That is what we are talking about.
注：由此可見，充當表語的成分繁多，有形容詞(短語)，介詞短語，動詞不定式(短語)，分詞(短語)，名詞，表語從句。考研翻譯中若這些充當表語的成分變得更長一些，要注意識別。 三、示例
通過下面這個例子，并結合以上句子的擴展，體驗一下英文句子的各個成分及結構。
But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.
解析：
并列句。第一個分句主干：science does provide us。其中with the best available guide to the future為狀語修飾provide， the best available和to the future分別為guide的前置定語和后置定語，由此本句賓語被復雜化： 第二個分句主干：it is critical that...,其中，it為形式主語，that從句為真正的主語，從句主語為名詞短語our nation and the world, base...on...為固定搭配，第二個that從句為judgments的定語從句，分詞結構concerning...為judgments的后置定語。
考研英語長難句10
為幫助各位考生更好的復習，下面是為大家介紹考研經典長難句分解。
1.Over the past few years one of thebiggest questions in climate science has beenwhy, since the turn of the century, averagesurface-air temperatures on Earth have notrisen, even though the concentration in theatmosphere of heat-trapping carbon dioxide hascontinued to go up.
參考譯文：在過去的幾年中，氣候科學中最大的問題就在于，為什么，自從本世紀以來，即使大氣中吸熱的二氧化碳氣體聚集的`越來越多，地球表面平均的氣溫也沒有上升。
2.This“pause” in global warming has been seized on by those skeptical thathumanity needs to act on to curb greenhouse-gas emissions or even (in the case ofsome extreme sceptics) who think that man-made global warming itself is a fantasy.
詞匯突破：seized on 抓住(并利用);
those skeptical that +句子:這種用法在傳統的語法中并不多見，但是在經濟學人這樣的雜志中還是挺多的。
其實就等于those who doubt that+句子 ,大家記住就好。
參考譯文：全球變暖的暫停被這些人抓住并加以利用。他們本來就不認為人類需要采取行動來控制溫室氣體的排放。甚至其中一些極端的質疑者認為人為的全球變暖本身就是一種幻想而已。
考研英語長難句11
By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent,
時間狀語 主語 定語從句 謂語 賓語
higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
比較狀語
譯文：到1996年為止，1970年以前到達美國的境外移民中擁有房產的比例達到75.6%，高于本土美國人69.8%的比例。
分析：本句的主干結構為foreign-born immigrants…had a home ownership rate…。主語是foreign-born immigrants，后面的who had arrived before 1970是對主語進行補充說明，是關系代詞who引導的定語從句，who指代前面的immigrants作從句的主語。higher than…Americans是比較狀語，將移民和美國本土居民的房產所有率進行比較。
That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery
主語 謂語 原因狀語從句 賓語從句 定語從句
comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.
條件狀語從句
譯文：而發現這些變化很重要，因為理論表明一個漁場只有將捕撈物種的生物量保持在原始基數的50%左右時，才能獲得最大的可持續捕撈量。
分析： 本句的主干很短，只有That matters，其中代詞that指代上句中提到的“海洋中發生的大規模變化”。Because引導原因狀語從句，該從句的.主干結構是“theory suggests + that引導的賓語從句”。該賓語從句的主干為the maximum sustainable yield…comes…。這個賓語從句還包含兩個從句，一個是定語從句that can be cropped from a fishery，修飾的是yield;最后還有when引導的條件狀語從句，說明這種yield出現的條件。
Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic
形式主語 系動詞 表語 狀語 主語從句1
assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust
主語從句2
than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
譯文：即使是最笨的管理者也應該知道，信任是最有價值的經濟資產，它極易被破壞，并且恢復起來代價巨大——沒有什么比任由敏感的個人信息落入不當之人的手中更能毀掉公司信譽的了。
分析：主句中it是形式主語，其后有兩個由that引導的主語從句做真正的主語。主語從句1的主干是trust…is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore，trust后面的that most valuable of economic assets
是trust的同位語，用來補充說明trust的價值。主語從句2的主干是few things are more likely to destroy trust than…，和主語從句1之間用and連接。
Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black
主語 定語從句 賓語從句 時間狀語
soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their
時間狀語 謂語 賓語 后置定語 目的狀語
freedom in his will.
譯文：華盛頓看到黑人士兵在美國獨立戰爭中的英勇表現后，開始相信人生而平等，因此他不顧親人的極力反對，在遺囑中給予了他的奴隸們自由。
分析：本句的主干是Washington…overcame the strong opposition…。Who引導的非限定性定語從句對先行詞Washington做進一步的解釋說明。該定語從句中，who代替Washington充當主語，謂語是had begun to believe，賓語是that引導的定語從句，after observin
考研英語長難句12
【提要】考研英語信息 : 20xx考研英語：長難句練習及解析【29】
Questions are increasingly being asked by the councils about how they can be sure that misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide.
【核心詞匯】
increasingly ad.越來越多地，漸增地
council n.委員會，會議
misconduct n.不端行為，處理不當
grant n.撥款，授予物，同意
【結構分析】
本句主干為Questions are increasingly being asked about...，動作實施者by the councils構成了分隔結構，將ask和about分開。在翻譯時，我們可以化被動為主動，the council are increasingly asking questions about...，由介詞about后的賓語由how they can be sure...充當。
【參考譯文】
各委員會越來越多地提出問題——關于他們如何能夠確保在他們同意的情況下避免發生處理不當的.行為。
考研英語長難句13
【提要】考研英語信息 : 20xx考研英語：長難句練習及解析【45】
In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected.
【核心詞匯】
epidemic n.流行病，流行傳播
influential n.有影響力的人
persuasive a.勸說的，有說服力的
tiny a.微小的，很少的
minority n.少數
informed a.消息靈通的.，見多識廣的
【結構分析】
主干是Malcolm Gladwell argues that。That引導一個復雜的賓語從句“social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected，該賓語從句中的謂語動詞是被動語態的形式“are driven in large part by”另外，句中的“who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected”是一個定語從句，也用來修飾限定前面的名詞individuals。
【參考譯文】
在其《引爆點》一書中，Malcolm Gladwell認為：“社會流行”在很大程度上受到極少數特殊個人行為的驅動，這些人通常被稱作有影響的人，他們消息異常靈通、有說服力，或者有良好的聯系。
考研英語長難句14
1. Priestly explains how the deep bluecolor of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows todepartment stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless foundher garment.(20xx T1 P1)
翻譯：Priestly解釋了她的女助理身穿的那件毛衣的深藍色多年來是怎樣從T臺淪落到百貨商店,又如何從百貨商店淪落到打折區中, 毫無疑問,這個可憐的姑娘最后在這里(打折區)淘到了它。(20xx T1 P1)
2. This top-down conception of thefashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverishworld described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of“fast fashion”. (20xx T1 P2)
翻譯：這個時尚業自上而下的概念太過時了,或者說它和Elizabeth Cline在《過度著裝》(Elizabeth Cline用三年時間所寫的對于“快時尚”的控訴)一書中所描述的狂熱世界大相徑庭。(20xx T1 P2)
3.In December 20xx America’s FederalTrade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option tointernet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not wantto be followed.(20xx T2 P3)
翻譯：20xx年12月,美國聯邦貿易委員會提議在互聯網瀏覽器中添加一個“禁止追蹤”的選項,這樣用戶可以告知廣告商們他們不想被追蹤。(20xx T2 P3)
4. Unable to tell whether someonereally objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’sdefault, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. (20xx T2 P6)
翻譯：由于無法判斷人們是真的反對行為廣告還是他們堅持使用微軟瀏覽器的默認設置,一些廣告商可能會忽視“禁止追蹤” 的標簽,繼續追蹤(人們的網上痕跡)。(20xx T2 P6)
5. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, ithas chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default willbecome the norm. (20xx T2 P7)
翻譯：如果微軟試圖擊敗幾乎完全依靠廣告業務的谷歌,那么它選擇了一個并不直接的方法: 我們無法保證把“禁止追蹤”作為默認設置會成為行業準則。(20xx T2 P7)
6. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatenedspecies of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) andyou will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widelydistributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threatsresulting in an overall population decline.”(20xx T3 P3)
翻譯：在國際自然保護聯盟的“瀕危物種紅色名單”中查閱“智人” 這一條目,你會看到:“因為此物種分布廣泛,適應性強,目前數量正在不斷增加, 并且沒有導致該物種數量下降的主要威脅, 因此該物種被列為了無危物種。”(20xx T3 P3)
7. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: wehave now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of theplanet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situationsin which our descendants will find themselves.(20xx T3 P6)
翻譯：正如很多時候,過去掌握著通往未來的鑰匙:我們現在已經對塑造地球和歷史的長期模式有了很充分的認識,我們可以以此為依據來預測我們子孫后代的生存環境。(20xx T3 P6)
8. The Constitutional principles that Washington alonehas the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federallaws precede state laws are noncontroversial.(20xx T4 P2)
翻譯：憲法規定只有華盛頓政府有權利去“制定統一的入籍規則”,以及聯邦法律優先于州法律,這兩項都是毋庸置疑的。(20xx T4 P2)
9. The Administration was in essence asserting thatbecause it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no stateshould be allowed to do so either. (20xx T4 P7)
翻譯：政府實質上一直聲稱因為自己并不想執行國會的移民意愿,所以它(政府)也不允許任何州這樣做。(20xx T4 P7)
10. On first hearing, this was the socially concernedchancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” toan obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newlyunemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. (20xx T1 P2)
翻譯：乍一聽,這是一位關心民生的財政大臣正試著去幫人們改善生活,包括去“改革”一個明顯縱容的社會(福利)系統, 它對新失業者要求甚少并且還滋生懶惰。(20xx T1 P2)
11. What motivated him, we were to understand, was hiszeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spendingand ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. (20xx T1 P2)
翻譯：然而我們要明白,他的動機是源自于對 “基本公平”的熱情—保護納稅人,控制開銷并且確保只有那些最應得的救濟的申請者才能申領救濟金。(20xx T1 P2)
12. There is pressure for change from within theprofession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keepingoutsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make moneyrather than serve clients ethically. (20xx T2 P5)
翻譯：行業內部也有改革的壓力,但是反對改革的管理者堅持認為禁止外人(外部資金) 進入律師事務所使得律師遠離賺錢的壓力, 而按照職業道德更好地為客戶服務。(20xx T2 P5)
13. In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in lawfirms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging lawfirms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus onimproving firms’ efficiency. (20xx T2 P6)
翻譯：實際上,通過律所運用新的技術, 招募致力于提升公司效率的職業經理人, 允許非律師擁有律師事務所的股份,將會降低成本,提升服務(質量)。(20xx T2 P6)
14. There is just one path for a lawyer in most Americanstates: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then athree- year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American BarAssociation and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. (20xx T2 P3)
翻譯：在美國的絕大多數州想成為律師只有一條途徑: 首先在(與法律專業)不相關的專業讀四年本科,然后在經過美國律師協會授權的200所法學院中讀 3 年的法學學位,并且再花巨資準備律師資格考試。(20xx T2 P3)
15. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipientsper prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by thecollaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by theinevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discoveryof the Higgs boson. (20xx T3 P4)
翻譯：但是諾貝爾學獎關于每個獎項限三名獲獎者,而且他們必須在世的限制已經因為現代科學的合作方式而變得不再適用,并將會在承認希格斯玻色子的發現時被證明,因為到時會不可避免的出現哪位科學家被忽視了這樣的`爭論。(20xx T3 P4)
16. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, aswell as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. (20xx T4 P2)
翻譯：該委員會由51名委員組成,在他們當中,有頂級高等學校的校長、學者、律師、法官以及企業經理,還包括了外交、電影、音樂和新聞界的杰出的人物。(20xx T4 P2)
17. The commission ignores that for several decadesAmerica’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know thecontent and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of itsbenefits. (20xx T4 P4)
翻譯：委員會忽略了數十年來存在的問題,美國大學所培養出來的畢業生并未真正了解人文教育的內容和特點,因此并沒有從中獲益。(20xx T4 P4)
18. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economistsare warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolicheart of modern democratic states. (20xx T1 P4)
翻譯：當 ThomasPiketty和其他經濟學家開始對于日益加劇的不公和繼承財富的權利發出警告時,那些富有的貴族家庭依然被看做是現代民主國家象征就顯得令人費解了。(20xx T1 P4)
19. While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smartenough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have mostto fear from the Spanish example. (20xx T1 P6)
翻譯：查爾斯應該明白:正如英國歷史所示,共和黨并非君主制最大的敵人,國王(本身的言行) 才是君主制最大的敵人。(20xx T1 P6)
20. The Supreme Court will now consider whether policecan search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is onor around a person during an arrest. (20xx T2 P1)
翻譯：現在,最高法院將要考慮的是警察是否可以在沒有搜查令的情況下搜查在逮捕期間的嫌疑人的手機內容。(20xx T2 P1)
21. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendmentprotections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could takereasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while awarrant is pending. (20xx T2 P6)
翻譯：當面臨嚴重緊急情況時他們仍然會違反第四修正法案的保護條例,他們需要采取合理的措施來確保在沒有拿到搜查令的時候手機數據不會被刪除或修改。(20xx T2 P6)
22. Asked whether any particular papers had impelled thechange, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated byconcerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis inscientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increasereproducibility in the research we publish.” (20xx T3 P3)
翻譯：當被問及是否是某篇特定的出版物促使了這個變化,McNutt回答道:“統計委員會的設立是受對科學調查的統計應用和數據分析的廣泛擔憂所驅使的,并且它是雜志整體趨勢的一部分,用以增加出版文章的可復制性。” (20xx T3 P3)
23. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrotein 20xx, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers whoare statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. (20xx T3 P6)
翻譯：他在20xx年寫到研究者應該提升他們的標準,而雜志也應該采取一個更加嚴格的路線“參與的審查者應該具有統計學知識,并且編輯應該核實這一流程”。(20xx T3 P6)
24. One of the astonishing revelations was how littleRebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought toask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. (20xx T4 P4)
翻譯：其中一個令人驚訝的事實是Rebekah Brooks竟不知道她的編輯部所發生的事,也沒想到自己會被審問,事實上,她也從未過問事情是怎樣發生的。(20xx T4 P4)
25. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions abouthow her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave noinstructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers. (20xx T4 P6)
翻譯：Brooks女士可能懷疑或可能沒懷疑過她的記者們是如何得到他們所寫的故事的, 但是她沒有詢問,沒有做出指示,即沒有得到可追溯的記錄下來的回答。
考研英語長難句15
【提要】考研英語信息 : 20xx考研英語：長難句練習及解析
Having succeeded as a convenient vehicle for every conceivable political and commercial slogan, the threads themselves are becoming the newest message, logically enough.
【核心詞匯】succeed v.成功，繼承 convenient a.方便的 vehicle n.車輛，工具，媒介 commercial a.商業的，盈利的 conceivable a.可能的，想得到的 slogan n.標語，吶喊聲 thread n.衣服，線狀物 logically ad.邏輯上，合乎邏輯
【結構分析】本句為主從復合句。本句中的主語與從句中的主語一致，從句中省去主謂，造成分詞作伴隨狀語的形式。主句部分是the threads themselves are becoming the newest message, logically enough.，句末的.logically enough是狀語。
【參考譯文】成功作為政治和商業口號的一種便捷媒介物后，衣服本身也成為了最新的信息，這也是合乎邏輯的。
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